Terrestrial ecosystems are systems of interacting organisms and their physical environment that occur on land. These ecosystems include a wide variety of habitats, such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and wetlands, each with their own unique characteristics and species composition. Terrestrial ecosystems play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, regulating the Earth's climate, cycling nutrients, and providing important ecosystem services to humans, such as food production, water purification, and carbon sequestration. Research in terrestrial ecosystems focuses on understanding the processes that drive ecosystem functioning, the impacts of human activities on these systems, and how they can be managed sustainably to ensure their conservation and resilience in the face of environmental change.